WM8940CGEFLSLASHV datasheet(61/91 Pages) WOLFSON

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Production Data

WM8940

PD, Rev 4.3, November 2011

Companding involves using a piecewise linear approximation of the following equations (as set out

by ITU-T G.711 standard) for data compression:

-law (where =255 for the U.S. and Japan):

F(x) = ln( 1 +

|x|) / ln( 1 + )

-1 ≤ x ≤ 1

A-law (where A=87.6 for Europe):

F(x) = A|x| / ( 1 + lnA)

 for x ≤ 1/A

F(x) = ( 1 + lnA|x|) / (1 + lnA)

 for 1/A ≤ x ≤ 1

The companded data is also inverted as recommended by the G.711 standard (all 8 bits are inverted

for

-law, all even data bits are inverted for A-law). The data will be transmitted as the first 8 MSB’s

of data.

Companding converts 13 bits (

-law) or 12 bits (A-law) to 8 bits using non-linear quantization. The

input data range is separated into 8 levels, allowing low amplitude signals better precision than that

of high amplitude signals. This is to exploit the operation of the human auditory system, where louder

sounds do not require as much resolution as quieter sounds. The companded signal is an 8-bit word

containing sign (1-bit), exponent (3-bits) and mantissa (4-bits).

BIT7

BIT[6:4]

BIT[3:0]

SIGN

EXPONENT

MANTISSA

Table 51 8-bit Companded Word Composition

u-law Companding

100

120

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Normalised Input

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Figure 31 u-Law Companding

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